A drug that lowers blood lipids could treat the world’s most common liver disease

The University of Barcelona has led a study that suggests using the drug known as pemafibrate to treat liver disease associated with metabolic disorders, the most common liver pathology in the world, which affects 1 in 4 people.

The drug has long been marketed in Japan for another use: improving blood lipid levels in patients with hyperlipidemia, a common condition in diabetics. Now, however, it could help address this serious liver disease, which still has no specific treatment.

The study, carried out on laboratory animal models and published in the journal Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, was conducted by a team led by Professor Juan Carlos Laguna, from the UB’s Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, the UB Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and the Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN).

The study has been carried out in collaboration with the research group of Professor Conxita Amat, from the Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of the same UB faculty, and the UB’s Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), based at the Torribera Food Campus.

Drug repurposing: A new life for medicines

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a condition formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It is a multisystem disorder, with a very heterogeneous origin and a diverse course that can degenerate into cirrhosis, liver cancer or liver failure. It usually has no clear symptomatology and the early stages can last for decades.

Today, pemafibrate is used to treat alterations in blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels (dyslipidemia). According to the new paper, it could also open a new therapeutic avenue to address MASLD in the context of drug repositioning, i.e., the use of known and approved drugs in clinical practice to treat other pathologies.

This strategy makes it possible to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of drugs and thus reduce the time and economic costs of bringing another drug to market to treat diseases without effective therapy.

“The common pathological manifestation of MASLD is hepatic steatosis (fatty liver disease, or SLD). Although it can be reversed with lifestyle changes, diet and exercise, in practice it is difficult to control and there are no specific drugs to treat it,” says Professor Juan Carlos Laguna.

In an experimental model of SLD in female rats, pemafibrate prevents the development of hepatic steatosis, increases fatty acid catabolism and cholesterol clearance in the liver, and shows a good safety profile.

As the preclinical study was conducted in female rats, the findings could also help to identify sex differences in the physiology of chronic diseases and thus reduce gender bias in biomedical research.

“Pemafibrate is a new modulator of the transcriptional activity of the nuclear receptor PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha), which increases the hepatic oxidation of fatty acids, necessary for the synthesis of triglycerides and cholesterol esters—which accumulate pathologically in the liver in SLD—and also for bile acids, which favors the elimination of cholesterol from the body,” the researcher explains.

These results suggest that pemafibrate is a good candidate for therapeutic repositioning to treat SLD. “To our knowledge, this drug has not been used in the context of pharmacological repositioning, apart from a few exploratory clinical studies on its effects in liver pathology.

“Now we want to study its efficacy and safety in experimental models of more advanced liver disease, with the presence of inflammation and fibrosis in metabolic associated steatohepatitis (MASH),” concludes Professor Laguna.