What does it feel like to have an ostomy bag?

An ostomy is a surgical procedure creating an opening, or “stoma,” on the abdomen to allow waste to exit the body. This may be essential due to conditions like Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or colorectal cancer. The two primary types of ostomies are:

• Ileostomy: where part of the small intestine (ileum) is redirected to a stoma.
• Colostomy: involving the large intestine (colon).

Both types help patients with digestive issues lead fulfilling lives, even though they require new routines in daily life.

UR Medicine’s expert ostomy care team offers full support to Rochester-area residents. Here’s their guidance on what you need to know.

Ileostomy vs. colostomy: Key differences

An ileostomy is created from the small intestine to release liquid waste. IA colostomy is formed from the colon and generally releases more solid waste.

The choice between these procedures depends on which part of the intestine is affected, as each surgery has specific effects on diet and daily care.

Often, individuals with an ileostomy need to focus more on hydration and watch for foods that may cause blockage due to the smaller intestinal diameter.

What to expect after ostomy surgery

Life after an ostomy surgery, such as ileostomy or colostomy, involves adapting to an ostomy bag for waste collection. This often brings many questions:

• Can I still do my usual activities?
• What foods should I avoid?
• How often do I need to change or empty my bag?

While initial adaptation might be challenging, people with ostomies can typically engage in most activities, including swimming and exercise, by making small lifestyle changes.

Living with an ostomy bag

Ostomy bags (or pouches) are essential for collecting waste from the stoma. These bags come in various designs, including options with odor barriers and comfortable closures to reduce leakage risks.

To avoid discomfort, bags should be emptied when they are about one-third to one-half full. While emptying them regularly is essential, knowing how to empty the ostomy pouch efficiently becomes second nature with practice.

Daily life adjustments include skin care since the area around the stoma (peristomal skin) requires gentle handling to prevent irritation. Some people use ostomy bag covers for discretion and comfort, especially in social or work settings.

Nutrition and diet tips

Adjusting to a new diet is crucial after an ileostomy. For the first 4–6 weeks, staying hydrated is essential. Low-fiber foods are recommended to prevent digestive blockages. Good options include bananas, rice, and applesauce.

After this adjustment period, many patients can gradually reintroduce fiber, but with careful monitoring to avoid adverse reactions. Foods that are difficult to digest, such as nuts or raw vegetables, should be approached cautiously. Regular mealtimes and hydration remain important for overall health.

Can an ostomy be reversed?

Ostomy reversal is an option for some patients, typically when the underlying condition has improved or healed. The possibility of reversal depends on individual health, recovery, and the type of ostomy performed. If a reversal is suitable, patients undergo another surgery to reconnect the intestines, allowing waste to exit through the rectum again.

Adjusting to life after surgery: Tips for living well with an ostomy

Living with an ostomy bag requires some adjustment, but these changes are manageable. Here are some helpful tips:

1. Skin Care: Keep the peristomal skin clean and dry. Properly fitted accessories and the occasional use of stoma powder help prevent irritation.
2. Routine Changes: Empty your bag regularly and change the pouching system as advised to avoid leaks.
3. Diet and Hydration: Follow an ileostomy diet to prevent blockages, focusing on hydration and stool-thickening foods.
4. Support and Care: Many resources, from support groups to ostomy care professionals, are available to answer questions, discuss issues, and provide tips for handling new challenges.

With time, many people find that living with an ostomy becomes an ordinary part of their routine. The key to thriving after ostomy surgery is being informed, patient, and proactive in managing your daily care.